MOD Dwarf Output Volume: DSP attenuation or analog attenuation?

Hi MOD team,

I have a quick question about the MOD Dwarf output gain staging.

From the wiki and forum posts, I understand that the output stage is actively buffered and safe for both TS and TRS connections. What is still unclear is where the user-adjustable “Output Volume” attenuation actually happens.

At a high level, is the Output Volume:

  • implemented as DSP-level attenuation before the DAC, with a fixed-gain analog output buffer,
    or
  • does it include any form of analog attenuation after the DAC (e.g. VCA or digitally controlled analog attenuator)?

I’m not looking for schematics — just a conceptual clarification to help with proper gain staging and post-Dwarf (post-amp) design.

Thanks in advance.